Abstract
Standard & Poor's approach to evaluating corporate governance is an interactive analytical process that involves direct contact with company managers and directors and some of their professional advisors. The agency's governance scores are intended to act as a single, global benchmark to interpret differing governance structures in different companies, countries, and environments. Guided by the overarching principles of fairness, transparency, accountability, and responsibility, the analysis and conclusions fall into four categories: 1) ownership structure and external influences; 2) shareholder rights and shareholder relations; 3) transparency, disclosure, and audit; and 4) board structure and effectiveness. S&P's ratings are made public with permission of the rated companies.
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